Предвыборная кампания в Стамбуле в 2023 году - КРАМАР БЛОГ
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Как проходили президентские выборы в Турции в 2023 году

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Как проходила предвыборная кампания в Стамбуле

Недавно впервые за долгое время спускалась в метро и увидела рекламу предстоящих мартовских выборов президента России, которые состоятся уже на этой неделе. Если бы не этот плакат на эскалаторе, я бы и забыла, что в России идет какая-то предвыборная гонка, что кандидаты сражаются за голоса граждан и что россияне вот-вот сделают свой ответственный и судьбоносный выбор.

Волей не волей вспомнила, что в прошлом году, во время предвыборной кампании в Турции мы жили в Стамбуле и наблюдали за тем, как там происходит избирательная кампания. Решила рассказать, как это выглядит со стороны (я, очевидно, не являюсь избирателем в Турции) и как на это реагирует простой народ. Так сказать, от первого лица чуть задержавшегося туриста.

Выборы президента республики не выделяют в отдельное мероприятие

В Турции выборы всеобщие и проходят в один день на всех уровнях, на которых в этом году нужно кого-то избрать. У нас в России тоже есть такая практика, называется Единый день голосования, который закреплен законом как второе воскресенье сентября. Все выборы должны проводиться в этот день, чтобы, так сказать, два раза не вставать и экономить на расходах на проведение голосования.

Istanbul Election 9

Но президентские выборы традиционно проводятся отдельно, абстрагируясь от этой даты, лишний раз напоминая нам, что выборы президента это другое, особенное мероприятие, для которого предусмотрен специальный день. В Турции такого нет, поэтому и президента, и членов парламента, и местных мэров выбирают в один день.

Istanbul Election 2
Портрет действующего президента на предвыборном плакате.

Из-за этого агитационный период проходит более живо. Помимо кампаний кандидатов в президенты, а в Турции 2023 году она по сути свелась к противостоянию действующего президента и объединенного кандидата от оппозиции, широко представлены различные партии и объединения, количество которых я даже не смогла сосчитать. Я не знаю турецкий, но по политической символике несложно понять, что в Турции несколько партий с коммунистической идеологией, есть свои «зеленые» и очень много полемики посвящено равенству, особенно гендерному.

Разнообразие

Istanbul Election 1
Улицы Стамбула во время предвыборной кампании.

Как я писала выше, турецкой оппозиции удалось договорить о поддержке одного кандидата, чтобы консолидировать голоса недовольных текущим президентом избирателей, поэтому в случае с президентскими выборами, разнообразия особо не было. Но вот партии…вот это настоящий винегрет из политических идей и программ. В каждом районе было по шатру с представителями партий и агитаторами, где можно было задать вопрос и взять какой-то мерч с символикой.

Istanbul Election 3
Выборы больше похожи на карнавал.

В Турции очень много национализма и левацкой полемики, а это благодатная почва для традиционалистов, в том числе и религиозных. Кроме того, очень много партий пытаются выстроить ассоциацию между своими идеями и заветами Мустафы Кемаля Ататюрка, который до сих пор почитается турками и уважаем во всех слоях населения. В общем тут действительно есть из чего выбрать, но насколько картинка отличается от реальности судить не мне.

Istanbul Election 4
Ленива та партия, которая не разместила у себя портрет Ататюрка.

Разные способы взаимодействия с населением

Поимо большого количества участников выборов в Турции поражает разнообразие форм самой агитации. А агитации тут действительно много. Я молчу про такие понятные и простые способы, как билборды с кандидатами и растяжки на улицах, большое количество типографической продукции и рекламы, всевозможные флажки и флаеры. Этим никого не удивишь.

Istanbul Election 5

Из чуть более экзотического для россиян уже являются открытые дебаты (именно кандидатов, а не завсегдатаев ток-шоу), выступления кандидатов перед населением вживую. Причем эти выступления проводятся в самых разных районах и на разных уровнях. Кандидаты и партии буквально ездят с «гастролями» и общаются с населением на улицах.

Istanbul Election 12

Так же нами был замечен агитационный тур по Босфору. Это выглядело как 5 корабликов с портретом Кемаля Кылычдароглу (кораблики были пронумерованы), на которых можно было покататься, а во время тура вам расскажут о том, почему стоит голосовать именно за него. И глядя на очереди на эти кораблики, мне сложно судить, что турецким избирателям более интересно: лишний раз полюбоваться проливом Босфор или действительно послушать предвыборную речь. Я склоняюсь ко второму.

Istanbul Election 11

Подкуп

Разумеется, самой действенной стратегией агитации является подкуп. И чаще всего это подкуп в виде обещаний. Ты за нас проголосуй, а мы потом сделаем то, что планировали и про тебя не забудем. Но в обещания простой народ верит слабо, но запоминает реальные дела. Поэтому когда как не перед выборами стоит вспомнить об обездоленных и прийти к ним с подарками. Здесь все понятно, но я хотела рассказать именно о подарках.

Первое, что меня поразило, это обилие детский подарков. Дети не обладают активным избирательным правом, но спокойно получают свои куклы и машинки в рамках какого-либо мероприятия. В целом, все как у нас, с той лишь разницей, что у нас это разрешается делать только тем, кто уже у власти, а тут всем. И никто потом с пеной у рта не кричит, что детей вовлекать в политику нельзя. Конечно можно, они же в обществе живут, а не в пузыре.

Второе, это еда. Я не знала, что в стране, где выбрасывается так много еды такой лютой популярностью будут пользоваться сандвичи с чаем. Причем не в формате кофе-брейка на каком-то мероприятии, а именно в качестве подарка. Аккуратно упакованные бутерброды в пакетик с символикой партии. Особенно странно наблюдать длиннющую очередь за такими пакетами, хотя цена набора не больше 10 лир. Для меня это удивительно, я бы никогда не тратила время в очереди за булкой с сыром.

Информирование

За неделю до выборов в нашем доме всем избирателем пришла напоминалка в почтовые ящики с датой предстоящего голосования, адресом ближайшего участка и времени его работы. Я не стала фотографировать это, так как на бумажках были данные моих соседей, но письмо было достаточно подробным и адресовано каждому члену семьи персонально, а не на квартиру. Письма были нейтральные, без политической символики.

Istanbul Election 6

Безопасность

За день до выборов к местам для голосование привезли разграничители, позволяющие организовать очередь. Кроме того, увеличилось и без того большое количество полицейских на улицах. Причем полиция была на бронированной военной технике, с настоящим оружием, даже с автоматами. Разумеется, было много пешего патрулирования. Мне сложно представить, зачем в городе не в войну на гражданское, хоть и массовое мероприятие, нужен человек с автоматом на улице, но видимо турки считают это нормальным. Я бы в России такого не хотела.

Istanbul Election 7

Ощущение праздника

В день выборов город кипел, как турецкий самовар. Было много чая, турецких сладостей и флажков. Было видно, что сходить проголосовать тут почетно, уважаемо. После посещения участка народ разбредался по бесконечным кафе и смотрели телевизор с ходом выборов, обсуждали, анализировали. Обошлось почти без провокаций, хотя и они были, конечно же.

Istanbul Election 8

Неравнодушие к результату

Турки искренне следили за исходом голосования, радовались победе и проживали поражение. В это день вечером было так же шумно, как на турецкой свадьбе, когда кортежи ликующих сигналящих машин сменялись компаниями палящих в воздух разгневанных мужчин. В это день даже официально не рекомендовалось выглядывать из окон, так как можно было схватить шальную пулю. Складывалось ощущение, что в выборы тут верят и их результата ждут. Интересное, давно забытое мной чувство.

Istanbul Election 10

Повторюсь, что тут я описываю свои наблюдения и стараюсь их не оценивать, и тем более не претендую на объективность. Ведь я субъект. Я надеюсь, что я всё еще субъект.

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  50. Imitation luxury handbags have evolved a major force in a style sector, transforming out of a poorly hidden mystery into a thriving business with worldwide implications. For a few, these handbags symbolize a affordable method to experience a appeal of opulence minus the hefty price label. For others, these represent an ethical and legal dilemma inside the universe of style.
    This blog dives into the rise of counterfeit luxury bags, their appeal, and the dangers associated. You’ll also discover ways to recognize a imitation and take an glance into the prospects of this expanding sector—all wrapped up a stylish examination of fashion’s more intriguing grey area.
    The Appeal of Replica Designer Bags
    Why are fake designer handbags so common? There is more to it than meets the vision.
    Accessibility Without the Cost
    One of the primary causes why the popularity of replicas is cost. For individuals who appreciate luxury brands yet cannot justify splurging thousands of dollars on an handbag, imitations provide a budget-friendly alternative.
    A good-quality fake could frequently mimic the look and texture of the real thing, enabling buyers to experience the prestige of luxury minus exceeding the bank.
    Symbol of Wealth on a Budget
    Luxury products such as handbags have become symbols of wealth. While owning a authentic Chanel or Louis Vuitton may stay a unreachable dream for most, replicas allow individuals to get that «coveted» appearance without the luxury cost label.
    More Believable Craftsmanship
    With contemporary production methods and attention to precision, some counterfeit bags are so convincing that even style experts find it hard to tell a difference. For many purchasers, a craftsmanship of replicas has significantly boosted their appeal.
    A Statement Against Designer Prices
    Some people choose counterfeits as a form of protest against what they perceive as excessive prices from high-end brands. A $20 manufacturing expense that translates to a $2,000 sale price? Many see replicas as leveling a playing field.
    The Dangers of Buying and Trading Counterfeit Luxury Bags
    Although imitations may seem like a easy method to experience the finer aspects of living,
    The Future of Fake Designer Bags
    the market for fake designer bags shows no signs of slowing down. the rise of e-commerce and social media platforms has made it easier than ever for counterfeiters to reach customers directly.
    Brands are responding with advanced anti-counterfeiting measures, including microchips, blockchain technology, and robust authentication processes. however, as counterfeiting techniques also evolve, this remains a constant game of cat and mouse.
    the impact on the Fashion Industry
    the proliferation of fake designer bags continues to challenge luxury brands. While some argue that replicas dilute brand exclusivity, others see counterfeiting as proof of a brand’s desirability.
    there’s also a movement among consumers and advocates for «inspired» fashion—that is, affordable, legal alternatives inspired by high-end designs and trends—offering a middle ground for those who prioritize ethics and affordability.
    why Authenticity Still matters
    while the appeal of replica designer bags is undeniable, there’s something special about owning the real thing. Beyond the status and exclusivity, genuine designer bags represent unparalleled craftsmanship, rich history, and a commitment to quality.
    If you’re a fan of luxury fashion, engaging with authentic pieces—whether through pre-owned platforms like the RealReal or rentals through companies like Bag Borrow or Steal—can provide an ethical and satisfying solution without breaking the bank.
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    This blog delves into the rise of fake luxury bags, its attraction, and the dangers involved. You will also discover ways to recognize a fake and take a glance at the future of this growing industry—all wrapped up a fashionable examination of style’s most fascinating grey zone.
    The Attraction of Fake Designer Bags
    Why are fake luxury bags so popular? There’s more to it than meets the eye.
    Accessibility Minus the Cost
    A of the main causes for its favor for replicas remains cost. For people who appreciate luxury labels but can’t rationalize spending thousands of dollars for an purse, replicas offer an budget-friendly option.
    A good-quality imitation could often mimic a appearance and feel of a real thing, enabling customers to experience the prestige of luxury minus breaking a bank.
    Symbol of Wealth on a Budget
    Luxury products like bags have become symbols of status. Although possessing an original Chanel or Louis Vuitton may stay an unattainable dream for many, imitations allow individuals to get that coveted look without the designer price tag.
    More Convincing Craftsmanship
    With modern manufacturing methods and focus to detail, certain fake handbags are so believable that even fashion aficionados find it hard to discern a difference. For many buyers, a craftsmanship of imitations has greatly boosted its attractiveness.
    A Expression Opposing Designer Markups
    Certain people opt for replicas as an form of rebellion against what they perceive as unreasonable markups from luxury labels. A $20 production cost which translates to a $2,000 sale price? Many see counterfeits as balancing the playing field.
    A Risks of Purchasing and Selling Fake Luxury Bags
    Although imitations might appear like an easy method to experience the finer things of living,
    the Future of fake Designer bags
    the market for fake designer bags shows no signs of slowing down. the rise of e-commerce and social media platforms has made it easier than ever for counterfeiters to reach customers directly.
    Brands are responding with advanced anti-counterfeiting measures, including microchips, blockchain technology, and robust authentication processes. however, as counterfeiting techniques also evolve, this remains a constant game of cat and mouse.
    the impact on the fashion Industry
    the proliferation of fake designer bags continues to challenge luxury brands. while some argue that replicas dilute brand exclusivity, others see counterfeiting as proof of a brand’s desirability.
    there’s also a movement among consumers and advocates for «inspired» fashion—that is, affordable, legal alternatives inspired by high-end designs and trends—offering a middle ground for those who prioritize ethics and affordability.
    Why authenticity Still matters
    while the appeal of replica designer bags is undeniable, there’s something special about owning the real thing. beyond the status and exclusivity, genuine designer bags represent unparalleled craftsmanship, rich history, and a commitment to quality.
    If you’re a fan of luxury fashion, engaging with authentic pieces—whether through pre-owned platforms like The RealReal or rentals through companies like Bag Borrow or Steal—can provide an ethical and satisfying solution without breaking the bank.
    ultimately, loving fashion doesn’t have to mean compromising your values or quality.

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  57. Imitation designer handbags ‘ve evolved an significant force within a style industry, transforming out of an weakly hidden secret to a booming enterprise having global consequences. For a few, these bags represent a affordable method to enjoy a appeal of opulence minus the hefty price label. For some, these symbolize an ethical and lawful dilemma inside a world of fashion.
    This blog delves into the emergence of fake designer bags, its appeal, and its risks associated. You’ll also discover ways to recognize a fake and take a glance into the prospects of this growing industry—all wrapped up an stylish examination of style’s more intriguing grey zone.
    The Appeal of Fake Luxury Handbags
    Why are fake luxury bags so common? There is more to it than meets the eye.
    Affordability Without the Price
    A among the primary causes for the popularity for imitation remains cost. For people who admire designer brands but can’t justify splurging thousands of money for an handbag, imitations offer an budget-friendly alternative.
    A good-quality fake could frequently mimic the look and texture of the genuine thing, allowing customers to experience the status of opulence minus breaking the budget.
    Status Symbol on a Budget
    High-end goods such as handbags have become icons of wealth. While owning an authentic Chanel or Louis Vuitton might remain an unattainable ambition for most, replicas allow people to get that «coveted» look without the luxury price tag.
    Increasingly Believable Quality
    With modern manufacturing methods and focus to detail, certain counterfeit handbags are so convincing that even style aficionados find it hard to tell a difference. For most purchasers, the quality of imitations has significantly boosted their attractiveness.
    An Expression Against Luxury Markups
    Some individuals choose replicas as an means of protest against what they perceive as unreasonable prices by luxury brands. A $20 manufacturing cost which translates to an $2,000 sale price? Many view counterfeits as leveling a playing ground.
    The Dangers of Purchasing and Trading Fake Luxury Handbags
    While imitations might appear as a simple way to experience the finer things in life,
    The future of Fake designer Bags
    the market for fake designer bags shows no signs of slowing down. the rise of e-commerce and social media platforms has made it easier than ever for counterfeiters to reach customers directly.
    Brands are responding with advanced anti-counterfeiting measures, including microchips, blockchain technology, and robust authentication processes. However, as counterfeiting techniques also evolve, this remains a constant game of cat and mouse.
    the impact on the fashion industry
    the proliferation of fake designer bags continues to challenge luxury brands. while some argue that replicas dilute brand exclusivity, others see counterfeiting as proof of a brand’s desirability.
    There’s also a movement among consumers and advocates for «inspired» fashion—that is, affordable, legal alternatives inspired by high-end designs and trends—offering a middle ground for those who prioritize ethics and affordability.
    why Authenticity still matters
    While the appeal of replica designer bags is undeniable, there’s something special about owning the real thing. beyond the status and exclusivity, genuine designer bags represent unparalleled craftsmanship, rich history, and a commitment to quality.
    if you’re a fan of luxury fashion, engaging with authentic pieces—whether through pre-owned platforms like The RealReal or rentals through companies like Bag Borrow or Steal—can provide an ethical and satisfying solution without breaking the bank.
    ultimately, loving fashion doesn’t have to mean compromising your values or quality.

  58. Fake luxury handbags have become an significant factor in the fashion sector, evolving out of a poorly hidden secret to an booming enterprise with worldwide consequences. For a few, these handbags represent a accessible way to experience a appeal of opulence minus the hefty price label. For others, they represent a moral and lawful dilemma inside a world of fashion.
    This article dives into a rise of fake designer handbags, its attraction, and its risks involved. You will also learn ways to identify a fake and take a glance into the future of this expanding sector—all encased up an stylish exploration of style’s more fascinating gray zone.
    A Appeal of Fake Designer Handbags
    Why are replica designer bags so popular? There is more to them than meets the vision.
    Accessibility Minus the Price
    A of the main causes why the favor for replicas is affordability. For individuals who appreciate luxury labels but cannot justify splurging thousands of dollars for a purse, imitations provide an economical alternative.
    A good-quality imitation can frequently mimic a appearance and feel of a genuine thing, allowing buyers to enjoy a status of opulence minus exceeding a bank.
    Status of Wealth on a Budget
    High-end goods such as bags have turned into icons of wealth. Although owning an original Chanel or Louis Vuitton may remain an unattainable ambition for most, imitations allow people to get the «coveted» appearance without the designer price tag.
    Increasingly Convincing Craftsmanship
    With contemporary manufacturing methods and focus to detail, certain counterfeit bags are so convincing that even style aficionados struggle to tell the difference. For most purchasers, the craftsmanship of replicas has significantly boosted their appeal.
    An Expression Against Luxury Markups
    Some individuals choose counterfeits as a form of protest against what they see as excessive prices by high-end brands. A $20 manufacturing expense that translates to an $2,000 retail price? Many see counterfeits as balancing a playing field.
    The Dangers of Purchasing and Selling Fake Luxury Handbags
    Although imitations may appear as a easy way to experience the finer things in living,
    The Future of fake Designer bags
    the market for fake designer bags shows no signs of slowing down. The rise of e-commerce and social media platforms has made it easier than ever for counterfeiters to reach customers directly.
    brands are responding with advanced anti-counterfeiting measures, including microchips, blockchain technology, and robust authentication processes. However, as counterfeiting techniques also evolve, this remains a constant game of cat and mouse.
    The Impact on the fashion Industry
    The proliferation of fake designer bags continues to challenge luxury brands. While some argue that replicas dilute brand exclusivity, others see counterfeiting as proof of a brand’s desirability.
    there’s also a movement among consumers and advocates for «inspired» fashion—that is, affordable, legal alternatives inspired by high-end designs and trends—offering a middle ground for those who prioritize ethics and affordability.
    Why authenticity still matters
    While the appeal of replica designer bags is undeniable, there’s something special about owning the real thing. Beyond the status and exclusivity, genuine designer bags represent unparalleled craftsmanship, rich history, and a commitment to quality.
    if you’re a fan of luxury fashion, engaging with authentic pieces—whether through pre-owned platforms like The RealReal or rentals through companies like Bag Borrow or Steal—can provide an ethical and satisfying solution without breaking the bank.
    ultimately, loving fashion doesn’t have to mean compromising your values or quality.

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